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# EMG-Based Grasping Force Estimation for Robot Skill Transfer Learning

Received 13 September 2022; accepted 13 December 2022; published 28 December 2022

2022, Vol. 18, no. 5, pp.  859-872

Author(s): Ali W., Kolyubin S. A.

In this study, we discuss a new machine learning architecture, the multilayer preceptronrandom forest regressors pipeline (MLP-RF model), which stacks two ML regressors of different kinds to estimate the generated gripping forces from recorded surface electromyographic activity signals (EMG) during a gripping task. We evaluate our proposed approach on a publicly available dataset, putEMG-Force, which represents a sEMG-Force data profile. The sEMG signals were then filtered and preprocessed to get the features-target data frame that will be used to train the proposed ML model. The proposed ML model is a pipeline of stacking 2 different natural ML models; a random forest regressor model (RF regressor) and a multiple layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP regressor). The models were stacked together, and the outputs were penalized by a Ridge regressor to get the best estimation of both models. The model was evaluated by different metrics; mean squared error and coefficient of determination, or $r^2$ score, to improve the model prediction performance. We tuned the most significant hyperparameters of each of the MLP-RF model components using a random search algorithm followed by a grid search algorithm. Finally, we evaluated our MLP-RF model performance on the data by training a recurrent neural network consisting of 2 LSTM layers, 2 dropouts, and one dense layer on the same data (as it is the common approach for problems with sequential datasets) and comparing the prediction results with our proposed model. The results show that the MLP-RF outperforms the RNN model.
Keywords: sEMG signals, multilayer perceptron regressor (MLP), random forest regressor (RF), recurrent neural network (RNN), robot grasping forces, skill transfer learning
Citation: Ali W., Kolyubin S. A., EMG-Based Grasping Force Estimation for Robot Skill Transfer Learning, Rus. J. Nonlin. Dyn., 2022, Vol. 18, no. 5, pp.  859-872
DOI:10.20537/nd221221